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Manuela Gretkowska (6 October 1964) is a Polish writer, screenwriter and politician. She is the founder of the Polish Women's Party. ==Biography== Manuela Gretkowska was born in Łódź and studied philosophy at Jagiellonian University in Kraków. In 1988 she left Poland to live in Paris, where she studied anthropology at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales. In the early 1990s, she returned to her country, where she was deputy editor-in-chief and then literary director at Elle. She wrote columns for Elle, Cosmopolitan, Wprost, Polityka, Machina, and Cogito. Gretkowska's literary debut was the novel ''We Are Immigrants Here (My zdies' emigranty)'' (1991), in which she ironically described the experiences of the young generation leaving Poland. The work of the young artist was favorably reviewed by Czesław Miłosz, whose preface appeared in the first edition. Gretkowska's next three books described the life of a modern artistic-intellectual bohemian living in France: ''Paris Tarot'' (1993), ''Metaphysical Cabaret'' (1994), and ''Textbook for people''. ''Skull: The First and Last Volume'' (1996) connects gnosis, kabbala, the character of Mary Magdalene and the skull motif in global culture. In this period, the writer earned the title of "scandalist" and "postmodernist." Manuela Gretkowski's prose eschewed grandiose language, more similar to the ease and austerity of the essay. In 1996, Gretkowska wrote a screenplay for the Andrzej Żuławski film ''Szamanka (She-Shaman)''. In 1997, Gretkowska moved to Sweden, where she published several collected stories in the book ''Namiętnik (The Passionate One)'' (1998), notes from her world travels in ''Światowidz (World-View)'' (1998), and her columns, under the collective title ''Silikon (Silicon)'' (2000). She also co-wrote the screenplay for the first season of the TV series ''Miasteczko (Small Town)'' (2000). Gretkowska's newest work is more personal, almost intimiate prose. ''Polka (Polish woman)'' (2001) was the writer's pregnancy journal, while ''Europejka (European Woman)'' (2004) presents a humorous view of a changing Poland through the eyes of Gretkowska the intellectual. In 2003 the author, together with her partner Piotr Pietucha wrote ''Scenes from Extramarital Life.'' Three years later Manueal Gretkowska wrote a column for the monthly magazine ''Success'' that was highly critical of the Kaczyński brothers (twins who at the time held the positions of Poland's President and Prime Minister). The issue hit stands with this text cut out (literally) of every copy. Today she lives in Ustanow (near Warsaw) with her daughter Pola and the writer and psychotherapist Piotr Pietucha. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Manuela Gretkowska」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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